PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.